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Is a Microservice Architecture for Cloud-Native Platform Worth It?

Cloud computing has led to cloud-native architectures which allow organizations to access and utilize services that can efficiently scale and rapidly adapt to new business requirements. The use of containers, microservices, and cloud computing has enabled organizations to save time and gain agility they would have otherwise spent maintaining legacy solutions. 

Microservice architecture for cloud-native platforms, in particular, can be defined as one of the primary ways of modernizing software infrastructure. It is a service-oriented system architecture composed of different, small services that are optimized for connectivity, flexibility, and parallelization.

Becoming Agile

When faced with either maintaining or modernizing legacy applications, cloud native leaders are migrating applications into microservices as a best practice. Many organizations have taken advantage of cloud computing and are now moving their applications to a microservice approach to reduce costs, increase speed, and prevent scaling issues. 

Between the leaders and the laggards, it is clear that the former is using their expertise in technology to improve business efficiency. Leaders don’t hesitate when presented with change because they know how important agility is for success. A report by Capgemini states that industry leaders are building more than 20% of their applications in the cloud, driven by a need for velocity and collaboration. They’re harnessing this new development approach that’s agile enough to adapt quickly when markets change and opportunities arise.

Cloud computing has become a crucial part of the development process, especially when it comes to cloud-native platforms. If you’ve ever worked with a team to build a traditional web application before, you might have experienced trouble creating an app that works on multiple devices. You might have had to deal with scaling problems, troubleshooting compatibility issues, or adjusting your core coding styles to work with multiple operating systems.

If you’re not familiar with cloud computing, it’s the process of using services to compute, store data and share resources over a network. These services can be anything from file storage to elastic compute to notifications and search. 

This type of architecture allows you to access services quickly without having your data stuck on old hardware or software that might not meet current needs. Furthermore, when you use cloud-native architecture, your data is not tied down to a specific platform.

Cloud-native platforms offer a ton of benefits when it comes to development, but the concept is still relatively new because many organizations are still trying to figure out how to utilize them or how to make them standards within their organizations.

Microservices for Cloud-Native Platforms | An Overview

Because of the growth in cloud-native platforms, there’s also been a shift in architecture. Microservice architecture for cloud-native platforms is a growing concept that saves time and money while ensuring a high-quality product. This type of development breaks down your project into multiple pieces or microservices that can be used to build one cohesive system.

Microservices are self-contained and do not rely on the use of other microservices to function, so they can be used in a wide range of situations. This is advantageous because it allows teams to move forward without having to wait for third-party components and integration services. 

If you think about traditional development, especially when it comes to older projects, changing technology can really cripple your project. If you’re using the wrong programming language, for example, it could take weeks to get everything up and running. 

This is where microservices come in. While traditional development will require developers to wait on long release cycles, third-party tools, or components, cloud-native platforms allow teams to develop entire pieces of a project without waiting for other application teams or third-party connections.

This is beneficial for multiple reasons:

•    You can allocate resources like CPUs and memory based on demand, and scale your application as needed.

•    If you’re using multiple cloud providers, you don’t have to worry about the compatibility issues that come with cloud-native development because microservices will work on almost any platform.

•    Microservices can be developed and updated much more quickly than traditional apps which means teams can update their code at a moment’s notice rather than waiting on a lengthy integration process.

Related: Advantages of Microservices in Java

How Does Microservice Architecture for Cloud-Native Platforms Operate?

Cloud-native applications are a way to take advantage of cloud computing by utilizing microservices, containers, and dynamic orchestration. This allows them to use resources more efficiently which ultimately leads to companies’ business goals being met more quickly.

Microservices are lightweight, modular, and designed for orchestration inside a container. Containers allow quick deployment into any cloud platform and can be orchestrated with ease. 

Using microservices, developers can create smaller and more efficient pieces that run independently from one another to get work done faster and with more efficiency than with traditional monolithic apps. Microservice service architecture for cloud native applications can be thought of as small, self-contained pieces that work together to provide a service or product rather than being one big thing like in traditional monolithic apps—which have been around since before the advent of the cloud.

Containers

What are containers? Why do organizations use them? How can they improve their business processes with this technology?

Containers are a lightweight, stand-alone, executable package that includes everything needed to run your application – whether that be code or an entire service. They run on top of an operating system, which you can think of as a layer of permissions.

As applications are upgraded and/or rolled out, the entire application doesn’t need to be transferred over during updates – just a small component or multiple components. Instead of having to manage all these different connection lines between apps, containers help bring all these apps together so they will talk to each other as they perform different functions, but without having to connect through everything else.

Microservices, the Cloud and Containers

How do microservices, the cloud, and containers work together to drive the business forward?

Using microservices with traditional monolithic applications can allow for better supportability. For instance, functionality within a monolith might stop working because of a low memory footprint. This might be fine if it’s an offline system, but when you’re talking about a public website like Amazon, this is not acceptable. 

With microservices, you can deploy one or more services at once instead of forcing the entire application to deploy; then if something stops working, it’s easy to roll back just that service.

With containers orchestration is easier – you can still have load balancing and failover on your side but it’s more like an orchestra where each microservice has its part of the song to play. With traditional apps, there are lots of instruments playing the same song all at once.

Security

What are some security implications to be aware of with microservices? How can organizations ensure they have better security controls in place if they adopt this approach?

Because you might have different services talking to each other now or even being accessed by third parties, it might become easier for people to gain access and potentially exploit your app. Microservice architecture for cloud-native platforms require a different approach to security than traditional apps: Each microservice should be treated as an individual unit and have its authentication and authorization associated with it.

It’s important to keep in mind that microservices are just one part of the development process. There are also continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) security controls you should be aware of. 

The more frequently you deploy apps, the more chances there are for vulnerability exploits since package managers like npm might not update dependencies automatically – especially if they’re not in heavy usage. Organizations need to keep on top of new packages and updates with these types of tools to stay abreast of vulnerabilities in the codebase.

Microservices Usage

What’s the best use case for microservices? When should organizations consider using them over alternative approaches?

Microservices are often deployed when an app becomes too complex to manage as one entity. About security, there could be different reasons why you go with microservices. If you’re accessing sensitive data or if your application is an API (application programming interface) and you would like to be sure that it’s robust enough, then microservices might be a good idea.

If you don’t have good practices for secure coding, microservices might not be the best approach. Instead, if your application is already complex and needs to work with lots of different systems that use different programming languages, then microservices might provide an answer. It’s also easier to break monoliths into small chunks than it is to rebuild them.

Related: Migrating Monolithic Applications to Microservices Architecture

Microservices Architecture

Why is it possible for enterprises to benefit more from microservices? How can companies successfully implement this approach?

There are many benefits of microservice architecture for cloud-native apps. First, there’s the potential for better fault isolation when something goes wrong. Secondly, microservices enable teams to build and deploy their part of the application without having to rely on others, leading to faster development.

Also, different teams can work on different services – this leads to faster development and improved quality control because each part of the application is subject to a greater number of reviews and tests before moving into production.

Organizations should first determine what their goals are and identify problems that microservices can solve. Then, they should look at the risks and benefits associated with this approach and decide whether it’s a good fit based on the organization’s needs.

If you’re still not convinced that microservices might be right for your next cloud-native app, here are some additional benefits of this architecture:

•    Individual services can be tested and deployed more easily than traditional apps because different modules don’t rely on one another to function.

•    Microservices allow teams to define specific tasks rather than having to rewrite the same lines of code over and over again.

•    Using microservices allows you to break down your project into smaller pieces which will make it easier to develop, scale and maintain your app. This is particularly beneficial when it comes to cloud-native development because microservices give you the freedom to work on specific parts of a project without having to wait for third-party components or services.

Microservices Architecture Is the Future

Microservice architecture has grown in popularity because it can be used with many different programming languages, platforms, and frameworks. This means that organizations are free to experiment with their development process without having to worry about being tied down by inflexible technology choices. 

The keystone benefit of microservice architecture is that it allows companies to move fast when developing new features and making changes. This leads to faster development times, which means that the company is ahead of its competition in terms of innovation and agility.

Getting Started with Microservices 

What are the first steps for organizations that want to implement this approach?

Microservice architecture is complex, so you’ll need an experienced team who won’t be afraid of challenges. That said, there are a few things everyone can do to get started:

First, request a demo to learn how microservices will benefit your project. Then, research microservices and find out whether they are the right fit for you. Next, create a checklist of goals so that everyone is on the same page about what they can expect from this approach.

Maintaining legacy systems has never been more difficult—keeping them up-to-date means reworking old code or writing completely fresh implementations from scratch, which can be both time-consuming as well costly! That’s where vFunction comes in. 

The vFunction platform is a one-stop-shop for modernizing your apps. It automates the process of converting monolithic applications into microservices, so you can focus on what matters: providing an amazing user experience and increased performance with each new release cycle.

vFunction Integration Demo with AWS Migration Hub Refactor Spaces

This week at AWS re:Invent 2021 in Las Vegas, vFunction has rolled out an integration with AWS Migration Hub Refactor Spaces to accelerate the modernization and migration of Java Monolithic Applications to AWS. The combination of the two technologies simplifies the rearchitecting, re-engineering, staging, and deployment of monolithic Java applications onto AWS

Two of the biggest challenges application modernization and migration teams face today are:

  • How to efficiently decompose monolithic apps into microservices
  • How to safely stage, migrate, and deploy those microservice applications onto AWS environments

The vFunction platform and AWS Migration Hub work together to solve these 2 problems. The vFunction platform first analyzes monolithic apps and allows architects to automate and accelerate the re-architecting and rewriting of their legacy Java applications into microservices. AWS Migration Hub Refactor Spaces the enables the application modernization teams to set up and manage the infrastructure to test, stage, deploy, and manage the legacy applications which are being refactored, rewritten, or re-architected.

Newly announced this week, the AWS Migration Hub Refactor Spaces simplifies application modernization by:

  • Reducing the time to setup a refactoring environment on AWS
  • Reducing the complexity for iteratively extracting capabilities as new microservices and re-routing traffic from old to new (Strangler Fig Pattern)
  • Simplifying management of existing and migrating apps and microservices with flexible routing control, isolation, and centralized management
  • Helping development teams achieve and accelerate technical and deployment independence by simplifying development, management, and ops while applications are changing

Example: Migrating an Order Management System (OMS) Monolith to AWS Microservices:

The video below walks you through the decomposition and migration of a Spring MVC application for order processing management.

The app runs on Tomcat on an AWS EC2 Instance (US-East-1) – you can find more information here. Check out this OMS Tutorial for more info.

In the demo, 3 services are extracted from the order management app with vFunction.

These services are auto-deployed to AWS EKS and AWS ECR also leveraging Nginx with global FQDN.

Why Legacy Application Modernization Is the New Buzzword

Legacy application modernization is the process of taking a monolithic legacy application, breaking it into smaller pieces and moving them to the cloud. Legacy application modernization has many technical and business benefits. Yet, this transformation is challenging and must be handled with great care. This article takes a close look at various aspects related to the transformation.

Legacy Applications

A Legacy System or Application is one that is old or outdated, yet is still in use. A legacy application has some or all the following characteristics: 

  • It was developed a long time ago. 
  • It runs on old or obsolete hardware and operating systems. 
  • It was developed using languages, frameworks, and tools that have been superseded by newer and better alternatives. 
  • It does not make use of modern technologies like the cloud, microservices architecture, or open-source. 

These systems are usually rigid (difficult to update), and complicated and expensive to scale.

What Is Legacy Application Modernization?

Legacy application modernization is the process of transforming legacy applications into modern applications. Modern applications are built with current programming languages and frameworks. They run on the latest hardware and operating systems and make full use of cloud infrastructure and other recent innovations like AI and Data Science. At its core, modernization involves converting a monolithic application to microservices and making the application cloud-native.

Related: Migrating Monolithic Applications to Microservices Architecture

Why Should Legacy Applications Be Modernized?

The key business objectives driving legacy application modernization are greater agility in responding to market needs, improving application performance and scalability, increasing availability, eliminating technical debt, and improving compliance and security.

Companies want to provide a superior user experience, improve employee productivity, and store sensitive data more securely. They would like to move their applications to the cloud for scalability, security, and compliance reasons.

In many organizations, legacy applications are seen as a hindrance to business initiatives and business processes. This is because of the outdated technology and sub-optimal architecture used to build the applications.

When a tipping point is reached, organizations are left with no choice but to modernize their applications and remove this hindrance. The more business-critical an application is to the organization, the greater the benefits of modernizing.

A Framework for Evaluating Legacy Applications

Gartner recommends that six business and tech factors be considered when evaluating the desirability of legacy application modernization  These are:

Business fit:

Competitors are modernizing their apps and moving them to either the private or public cloud, or replacing their applications with software-as-a-service (SaaS). This enables them to innovate faster, provide superior customer experience, and attract top talent. Any delay in moving forward only allows competitors to rack up more market share.

Business value:

A modular architecture (microservices) for modern applications allows changes to be made more easily and with less risk. Hence, value can be delivered faster to customers.

Agility:

Modern applications enable developers to add new features faster by speeding up the build and release cycle. Automated build, test, and release processes reduce the time to market.

Cost:

Modern applications cost less to operate as they usually adopt a pay-per-use pricing model. This helps them avoid both the cost of over-provisioning, as well as paying for idle resources. Maintenance costs are lower because infrastructure management is offloaded to the cloud provider.

Complexity:

The tight coupling in monolithic systems makes it complex to add new features. Yet, there is also complexity in breaking the coupling and moving from a data center or on-premises to the cloud during modernization. These trade-offs need to be considered.

Risk:

There are risks to both sticking to legacy, as well as modernizing. Businesses need to consider the cost of making the change, security exposure, impact on the ability to compete, and friction to the business to make a rational decision.

How Many Companies Are Modernizing Their Legacy Apps?

A survey recently conducted by IDG Research in collaboration with AWS shows that more than 70% of top leaders in global companies plan to upgrade their legacy applications very soon. The top three challenges with legacy systems, reported by these companies, were difficulty in integrating with new applications, lack of agility, and security exposures.

What Is Holding Other Companies Back from Modernizing?

The main impediments to legacy application modernization and migrating are worries about security, disruption to operations, and reliability.

According to Business Wire, almost three-fourths of all modernization projects fail. Here are some reasons why these projects don’t deliver the results they promised:

Ignoring technical debt

The efforts of a software development team can be split between innovation (new products and features) and maintenance. A rough rule of thumb is that, if more than 50% of the available effort goes into innovation, and the development velocity has not reduced in recent times, then technical debt is not a big issue.

If not, it is a sign that technical debt is dragging the development team down. In this case, the best option is to directly address technical debt and reduce the risk of modernization by choosing the right migration strategy, biting the bullet, and aggressively moving forward.

Treating modernization as a tactical instead of a strategic initiative

Companies fall into the trap of treating modernization as a tactical initiative. So, they treat modernization as any other project that should be done in the quickest possible time at the lowest cost. This is a sure-fire recipe for failure.

Instead, legacy application modernization should be treated as a strategic project, aimed at reducing technical debt on a continuous basis and enabling an increase in velocity for innovations.

Reliance on lift and shift

Legacy applications need to be rigorously analyzed to determine whether they need to be refactored, rewritten, or just moved to the cloud (this is known as “lift and shift”). Most companies make the mistake of classifying most of their legacy applications in the “lift and shift” category. This means that the net result of “modernization” is to merely move technical debt to the cloud with no major benefits accruing.

Related: Flip the Script on Lift-and-Shift Modernization, with Refactoring

The Digital Transformation Push Across Industries

Established companies across industries are facing disruptions from much smaller and nimbler rivals. They have come to the painful conclusion that they cannot continue business as usual. They must find ways to re-engineer their processes to respond at the required speed. Otherwise, they run the risk of becoming irrelevant.

Many companies had started digital transformation initiatives well before Covid-19 struck. The pandemic has caused them to speed up their efforts. According to McKinsey, there are at least three reasons for this:

  • Companies have accepted that their operations cannot depend solely on physical activities. Digital initiatives enable the continuation of business operations in such situations.
  • The pandemic fuelled recession has made it necessary to streamline processes and reduce costs.
  • The kind of rapid responses needed in these trying circumstances can be achieved only by digitally-enabled companies.

The modernizing of business-critical legacy applications is a core part of digital transformation initiatives.

Challenges in Application Modernization

Legacy apps are difficult to modernize for many reasons.

Many of these apps have been developed with old tech stacks that may not be supported today. Key members of the original development team may have moved on leaving behind an incomplete understanding of the code. The lack of understanding of the technology, the code, and its working creates risk.

Legacy applications are usually monolithic, and therefore complex. Understanding the code to split it up into UI, services, database functions, and other components to modernize it is difficult.

Legacy applications use largely older or defunct frameworks such as WebSphere, WebLogic, JBoss and Struts, that slow down development. Moving the functionality over to newer frameworks is a tedious and time-consuming process.

Most companies embarking on the modernization process do not have just one legacy application to take care of. They may have tens, hundreds, or even thousands of legacy applications to be transformed. In such a situation, a repeatable and automated process is needed to carry out the modernization.

While planning, brainstorming, and analyzing are great, but an updated and improved product should be delivered as a result. Code must be actually built, tested, and deployed. This requires a mindset that accepts, embraces, and is comfortable with drastic, rather than incremental, change. 

Most legacy apps are custom applications built specifically for their organization to solve a problem or make a process more efficient. A significant portion of a company’s intellectual property and core business processes are tied up in the business logic embedded in these legacy applications. One can’t just keep building new apps – the existing ones have to be modernized. So, application modernization is an important component of the digital transformation initiative.

Modernization Techniques and Approaches

Once the decision has been made to modernize, it can be carried out in several ways. Gartner has suggested seven options for modernizing. They are ranked by ease of implementation starting with the easiest. The harder options carry more risk but have a larger impact on the system and the business processes.

  1. Encapsulation: Make the application’s features accessible as services through APIs by encapsulating (separating out) their data and functions.
  2. Rehost: Physically move the application as-is to a different infrastructure (on-premises or in the cloud) without making any changes to its code, data, or functionality.
  3. Replatform: Migrate the application to run on a new platform (usually the latest version of the operating system), making the bare minimum changes to the code to get it to run, but not touching the architecture or functionality.
  4. Refactor. Restructure and optimize the existing code. Drop unreachable or obsolete code. Remove technical debt. Improve non-functional attributes (performance, security, usability).
  5. Rearchitect. Make significant alterations to the code to shift it to a new application architecture (say microservices, or a Model-View-Controller pattern) to exploit current capabilities. 
  6. Rebuild. Redesign and rewrite the application in its entirety, while not making any changes to its specs or functionality.
  7. Replace. Replace the application with a brand new version taking into account new requirements and user requests, and possibly using a different tech stack.

How Companies Carry Out Modernization

Application modernization to cloud native architectures is a relatively new discipline and no clear-cut process is overwhelmingly followed. This is how most companies typically proceed with modernization:

The first step is to get a deep understanding of how the application, written perhaps decades ago, works.

One way is to use tools to understand how the application works.

Companies sometimes try to use Application Performance Monitoring tools (APM) and Profilers to look at app performance. More mature organizations start with static code analysis tools and analyzers also. While this helps to document the application structure, it doesn’t help map interdependencies or break it down into microservices based on business behaviors or domains.

Another classic method used by developers and architects to understand the application is by “event storming.” All the classes and systems in the application are listed on paper or a whiteboard and the engineers try to break them down into services.

They then try to come up with a new architecture and design. Finally, developers make the code changes and test the application. This approach has proven time consuming, error prone, and non-scalable.

Companies need to modernize all their legacy apps, and some have hundreds or even thousands of them. This is a daunting task, because hundreds of thousands of lines of code may be affected, and everything described above involves significant manual involvement.

A Better Way to Manage Modernization

The section above makes it clear that the modernization process that is being followed by many companies is manual and tedious, takes too long, and the result isn’t always great.

Let’s try to envisage a better, more ideal, way of going about this.

What is needed is a purpose-built platform or tool that uses a domain-driven design approach and is automated.

Architects need to see how the app is behaving at runtime, and how it behaves and interacts in terms of its dependencies. Those dependencies should be broken down to maximize exclusivity (things that are exclusive to a particular service). Then they can be handled independently. This allows designers to horizontally scale the application without it affecting anything else.

So, the platform should contain purpose-built tools that show how the app works and behaves in real-time, by performing a combination of static and dynamic analysis.

Machine learning techniques and observation capabilities in the platform should automate the same process of learning that is done in an event-storming session.

The platform should also be capable of modernizing a full set of applications, ranging from small to large, providing architects and developers with automated tools and a repeatable process.

Such a platform would definitely make life easier for architects and integrators. So, does this platform exist today? Yes, it does, and it is called vFunction.

How Does vFunction Help Companies Modernize Their Legacy Applications?

vFunction is a pioneer in the next wave of cloud migration and application modernization. Its overarching vision is to help leading companies around the world accelerate their journey to cloud-native architecture and gain a competitive edge.

Designed to eliminate the time, risk, and cost constraints of manually modernizing business applications, the solution delivers a scalable, repeatable factory model purpose-built for cloud-native modernization.

vFunction application modernization intelligently transforms complex monolithic apps into microservices.

Modernize Legacy Applications with Less Effort

vFunction is the first and only platform for developers and architects that can automatically modernize complex legacy Java applications.

We help speed up software companies in their journey to become faster, more productive, and truly digitally transformed. If you want to see exactly how we can speed up your legacy application’s conversion to a modern, high-performant, scalable, and true cloud-native architecture, request a demo.

Succeed with an Application Modernization Roadmap

What Is Application Modernization?

Application modernization is the transformation of legacy systems into modern applications. This involves two core tasks – breaking up a monolithic application into microservices and moving the application to the cloud. 

There are several broad options available for application modernization, but the most common fall into two categories:

Rehosting

Rehosting is when you move applications from an on-premises environment to a modern cloud infrastructure. Companies opt for this approach when they are satisfied with how their legacy application is functioning, yet they want the advantages of being in the cloud. This approach has many advantages, such as minimal disruptions in service and a reduction in self-hosted data center costs. This option is also referred to as “lift-and-shift”, and while it may be the simpler one, most experts do not consider this modernization but simply migration.

Rearchitecting

Rearchitecting restructures a legacy application to make improvements while not changing any of its functionality. The application architecture is thus transformed from a monolith to a more microservices-based distributed system. This also results in the reduction of technical debt, performance improvement, cost-cutting, and upgraded platforms, programming languages, and tools. During this process, the necessary changes are made to run the application on a cloud platform. 

What Does Application Modernization Involve?

Application modernization is not only a technology transformation. You must also pay attention to updating the organizational structure, business processes, and people skills. A cultural transformation must accompany the digital transformation. This has to be deliberately planned at the start of any modernization project.

What Is an Application Modernization Roadmap and Why Do You Need It?

An application modernization roadmap is a set of steps that organizations should follow to achieve the transformation of their legacy systems into modern applications.

A modernization roadmap is not set in stone. It should be updated as new information emerges, technical advances gain traction, and engineers and managers gain experience during modernization.

Digital transformation is hard. According to the Boston Consulting Group, only 30% of transformations succeed. But laying out your plans and priorities on paper can increase the odds of success to 80%. A good application modernization roadmap is based on tested patterns and solutions.

Creating a roadmap at the start of the application modernization has many benefits.

Embarking on the application modernization journey is a major step toward leveraging technologies that help transform the company itself. It’s also a leap toward achieving digital transformation. And although the journey is daunting, a well-thought-out and rigorously reviewed roadmap can provide you with a sound launchpad to propel you towards success.

It isn’t wise for an organization to move all its applications to the cloud at the same time. You should first migrate those applications that can either be moved easily to the cloud or would provide big performance improvements or cost savings. A roadmap provides this level of clarity.

Related: Flip the Script on Lift-and-Shift Modernization, with Refactoring

How Should You Create an Application Modernization Roadmap?

Follow these steps to create a modernization roadmap:

Assess

Before starting your modernization journey, you must understand the approaches that are the right fit for your unique combination of applications and modernization objectives. 

In this step, you will understand your objectives in undertaking this exercise:

  • Assess what your current business outcomes are and compare them to what they should be
  • Carry out a detailed inventory of all the hardware and OS platforms, tools, and applications that are being used in your organization
  • Take a data-driven approach for modernization assessment that accurately measures complexity across all your application to help prioritize and size the effort

You will end up with a high level of awareness of where you are versus where you want to be. 

Understand

In this step, you will get a deeper understanding of what you need to do to get a competitive advantage.

You will understand both the business and technology goals which are driving the transformation. Based on this, you can identify the specific areas of improvement targeted both in your business and in your technology. 

On the business front, these areas may be customer satisfaction, innovation, and cost. 

On the technical side, they may be agility, quality, reliability, availability, and security. Achieving this may involve the judicious introduction of modern technologies such as migration to the cloud (this is covered in detail in the next section), or replacing applications with SaaS.

Identify goals

In this step, you should identify what to cut, merge, upgrade, or replace. Once you have this list, you can map out the ease or difficulty of modernizing each item versus the risk/benefit of modernizing. This exercise will help rank the order in which applications should be modernized. 

The planned and desired results of modernization are identified in this step: which applications are to be modernized, their prioritization, and how the modernization will be done. And the benefits that would accrue in each case.

You should consider these factors during prioritization:

  • anticipated performance improvement
  • expected cost savings
  • dependencies on other applications 
  • security controls required by the application 
  • services consumed by the application 
  • data required by the application 
  • the underlying technology architecture 
  • the effort required to rewrite code and configurations and conduct testing 
  • the costs of cloud-deployment options 
  • the business risks of performing a migration

Deliver roadmap and recommendations

In the final step, an actual plan of action for modernization is delivered. It would contain a list of applications to be modernized, related tasks, the modernization approach, and a timeline for completion.

Architectural and Technological Transformation During Application Modernization

Modernization starts with the architectural transformation of tightly coupled monoliths to loosely coupled microservices. 

To gain the greatest benefits from modernization, technological transformation is also necessary. You should adopt cloud-native technologies such as DevOps, automated testing, containerization, and serverless infrastructure. This brings down development and maintenance costs and improves operations.

This section takes a closer look at how these technologies help in modernizing your IT setup.

Microservices

Legacy applications are built with a monolithic architecture – a single, huge program that includes all the components of the application. The application is usually deployed as one single unit, such as a JAR, WAR, exe, or something similar.

A microservices architecture consists of services that are small, independent, and loosely coupled. Microservices are small autonomous services that perform a single task, like updating a customer address. Converting a monolith to microservices is an essential part of modernization.  

Automation

Automated testing helps in reducing testing time, finding regression issues, and avoiding manual slip-ups, thereby reducing effort and costs. At the minimum, unit testing (testing of the smallest logically isolated unit in the system), and API contract testing (testing to verify that APIs are adhering to the documented request and response) should be automated. 

The CI/CD pipeline should include automated tests to provide instant feedback on breakages caused by check-ins. These safeguards provide the confidence that untested code will not be released to production.

Containerization and Orchestration

An application that contains a large number of discrete components makes it difficult to deploy, move between environments, and manage. To streamline deployment, applications should be packed into containers. 

Each container holds only the code (microservices), their parameters, and the required memory. Containers are lightweight and consistent. Their usage simplifies operations and reduces infrastructure costs. Containers are hardware-independent and therefore portable. They make application deployment a breeze.

Orchestration refers to the automation of many of the operational tasks associated with deployment. Kubernetes is the leading container-orchestration system. You can use it to deploy and manage containers. It is open-source and works on all major cloud platforms.

Serverless

An option while migrating to the cloud is to use serverless technologies. Serverless does not mean that there are no servers. It is a cloud-based development model where the cloud platform provider manages the infrastructure by provisioning, administering, and scaling it. 

This allows developers to focus on building and running their applications without worrying about having to spin servers up and down. Developers only need to use containers to deploy. When a serverless app is idle, its cost is zero. Companies need to pay only for compute and not for the infra.

DevOps

DevOps is a core component of cloud-native development. The principal purpose of DevOps is to facilitate handoff between development and operations. It includes the introduction of modern practices like Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD), and automated scripts to help with the management of cloud resources.

Security

Security is an important aspect that should be kept in mind during modernization. Applications, data, and infrastructure must be protected. Cloud platforms provide security features that the applications and users must adhere to. Security should be embedded in DevSecOps processes and DevOps pipelines. Every application must have an associated identity and access management profile.

Operations / Post Modernization

The work of transformation does not end after the updated applications are deployed. The modernized applications require constant monitoring, and performance data generated by newly integrated tools must be continuously analyzed. Here are some typical activities which must be done in the post-modernization phase:

Build to manage 

Developers use a set of standards and solutions to make the application manageable and ensure that the application will meet service-level objectives.

Monitoring, tracing, and logging

Leverage observability and container platform tools to monitor metrics, traces, and logs to determine application health. Add alerting capabilities. Be proactive and fix things before users become aware that an issue exists.  

Communication and collaboration

Use tools and automation, including chat applications, and issue and project tracking systems to keep everyone informed.

Related: Migrating Monolithic Applications to Microservices Architecture

The Modernization Process

A roadmap provides a blueprint for the steps involved in modernizing legacy applications. It provides clarity of thought and action. The final, and most crucial step, is to execute on the roadmap. 

The process of transforming legacy applications to modern ones is difficult. It is labor-intensive, manual, error-prone, time-consuming, and requires deep architecture skills. Most organizations lack this.

You would have seen, in the earlier sections, that the most challenging tasks in creating a modernization roadmap are:

  • Understanding the structure, flow, and runtime functionality of legacy applications that may have been developed ages ago
  • Converting monolithic applications to a microservices architecture without breaking any functionality

How about an automated way of modernizing? Would that be any better? Wouldn’t it be nice if one could input a monolith into a software migration application (or platform) and a perfectly working microservices equivalent popped out? 

Ideally, such a migration application:

  • Speed up modernization projects, thereby saving money
  • Automate the rearchitecting and refactoring of complex apps, minimizing tedious manual effort
  • Be repeatable and self-service: monoliths in, microservices out
  • Intelligently and automatically transform complex monolithic apps into microservices
  • Analyze transactions, connections, and database table accesses and recommend refactoring of databases if required

Let’s look at what other capabilities such a migration application should have, and how it should work.

Assess

The application would perform static and dynamic code analysis, (and Data Analytics and Machine Learning if needed) to understand actual business flows.  It would then identify logical entities and their dependencies. 

Analyze

It would analyze the complexity of the monolith to help prioritize and plan the next steps.

Refactor and Rearchitect

The application should get rid of dead code and deploy efficient, compact microservices. It should enable the design and extraction of a new services UI. It should contain low-code automation to convert a monolith into equivalent microservices in a scalable and repeatable way.

Other Benefits

The migration application should work regardless of the size or scale of your monolithic apps. It should offer the benefits of scale, development velocity, agility, upgradability, and cost. It should not negatively impact security, velocity, and scalability. The migration should be performed speedily and in an intelligent and automated fashion.

An Ideal Platform for Modernization: Does It Exist?

So, does such an ideal platform as described in the previous section exist today? It does. It is called vFunction. vFunction has been built from scratch solely to automate the modernization of legacy applications. How does it do this?

The platform uses advanced data science and machine learning techniques to identify business domains in the legacy monolithic app. It uses this learning to analyze, present, and then extract new system architecture models in which functionality is provided by a set of smaller applications, rather than by a single monolith.

The platform includes dynamic analysis and visualization tools that view the app running in real-time, and record how the app is behaving and what code paths it follows. This application analysis is then used to make recommendations on how to refactor and restructure existing code. These tools help maximize exclusivity (resources that are used only by one service), enabling horizontal scaling with no side effects.

Many companies attempt the decomposition process by using tools such as Java Profilers, Design and Analysis Tools, Java Application Performance Tools, and Java Application Tooling. But these tools are not designed to aid modernization. They can’t help in breaking down the monolith because they don’t understand the underlying interdependencies. So, they force the user to manually come up with a new architecture themselves.

The platform can handle code bases of millions of lines of code and can speed up the migration process by at least a factor of 15. The provided tools enable the modernization of apps (i.e., conversion from monoliths to microservices) in days and weeks, and not months or years.

Summing Up

vFunction is the only platform available today that intelligently and automatically transforms complex monolithic Java applications into microservices. It eliminates the time, risk, and cost constraints of manually modernizing business applications. vFunction delivers a scalable, repeatable factory model purpose-built for cloud-native modernization. 

vFunction helps speed up companies in executing their modernization roadmap. It helps them become faster, more productive, and truly digitally transformed. If you want to see exactly how vFunction can transform your application into a modern, high-performing, scalable, true cloud-native architecture, request a demo.

How to Conduct an Application Assessment for Cloud Migration

Monolithic Java apps, often 20 years old or more, were never designed to run or leverage the cloud. As the technology scene takes shape, companies need to modernize and migrate their Java apps to make them suitable for the cloud.

Are you looking to make changes to your legacy apps and systems easier, faster, and more frequent? Moving them to a cloud-native architecture is the first step in the right direction. Cloud-native solutions are also more agile, cost-efficient, and easier to scale. However, you will need to conduct an application assessment for cloud migration before getting down to business.

While the benefits of cloud architectures are available for all to see, many organizations lack the tools or time needed to move their applications to the cloud. Organizations that fail to accurately assess and plan their application migrations to the cloud end up with a time-consuming and error-prone process.

Large enterprises (automotive, retail, insurance, and banking) have hundreds, sometimes thousands of these apps lying in data centers using old architectures. Moving these applications to the cloud lets you maintain or improve their business value and eliminate growing technical debt.

Why should you conduct an Application Assessment for Cloud Migration?

Before you start your cloud migration initiatives, you’ll need to assess your current application ecosystem. Application assessments are essential to help you determine the apps that you should move to the cloud and those that will remain in your legacy environment. Generally, some applications are more suitable for cloud architectures compared to others.

Using a data-driven and analytical approach, your organization can determine the relative difficulty in migrating an app to the cloud with a cost-benefit analysis. You can also assess the business value of making such a move. Besides, a rigorous assessment lays the groundwork for an automated and efficient transformation.

In addition to application modernization, cloud migrations assessments typically assess infrastructure and integration with other applications or data sources. Prepping this in advance will help sequence migrations so you know what happens if you migrate an application to the cloud and the other interconnected apps remain in-house. Your assessment team should come into the process with service level response time and performance requirements as part of the planning process.

Pre-migration planning is as critical as the implementation processes. This essential first step provides a solid footing before you proceed with your cloud migration plans. The idea behind these assessments is to ensure that you minimize the impact on your operations once you begin the migration process

How, then, should you conduct an application assessment for cloud migration?

Identify your Business Objectives

It is always necessary to understand why you want to implement a cloud migration initiative before starting the process. Failing to have clear objectives can derail your migration plans. Some of the typical business objectives for cloud migration include:

  • Accelerating business agility
  • Improving scalability
  • Minimizing maintenance costs from in-house data centers
  • Enhancing your failover capacity to boost app resilience
  • Enhancing remote collaboration

Ensure that all your team members are on board with your cloud migration objectives. Once you are clear about why you need to move to the cloud, you’ll have an easier time deciding which applications you should migrate.

Besides, it would help if you had well-defined and realistic goals before making decisions concerning other migration processes. Your initial goals will help you select an appropriate cloud service provider and settle on the ideal migration strategy.

Identify Business Transactions

An essential discovery method consults with the business to find individual business transactions. Then, your team can document your app’s end-to-end flow within your IT infrastructure before mapping your business requirements. Remember to enter the value of different technological considerations that support your various applications.

While assessing your business transactions, you’ll need to identify end-users, transaction characteristics, and response time sensitivity. Ensure that you evaluate each transaction that has a unique flow through your IT systems. Migration complexity will depend on the different available interfaces, the functional requirements, and the integration standards. Understanding specific business transactions usually helps to reveal performance requirements.

Remember also to list and prioritize your applications, indicating both their business purpose and use case. Highlight applications that you may choose to retire and those that you’ve already deployed in the cloud. 

Assess the Response Time Impact Risks

Your application assessment for cloud migration should also evaluate the impacts of migrating your apps. Assess the response characteristics of integration and sensitivity to delay. Assign all your transactions a rating that factors in sensitivity to delay and business importance.

If you rank any of your transactions as high importance and sensitive to delay, you’ll label them as high impact risk. With this information, you can test the response time impact, especially for more sensitive transactions. Assessing the response time impact ensures that your team can easily quantify the potential impact of changes while identifying potential migration opportunities.

Additionally, automated cloud migration solutions will help you prioritize your apps based on this data and information. Your team will quickly seamlessly assess the modernization complexity of your legacy apps and help you make a data-driven decision. From the assessment reports, you’ll easily determine the readiness and ease of modernization for your apps.

Ideally, you’ll need to establish a baseline of current transaction response times and then model the changes that occur once you switch the application and network conditions. Always prioritize real-time synchronous applications and those you consider response time-sensitive.Once you identify areas of concern, create an elaborate testing plan that focuses on assessing network flows of concern. While such pre-migration evaluations may involve lots of time and resources, you’ll make decisions based on credible information. Ultimately, you’ll understand how things work and make discoveries that can change pre-formed conclusions regarding your cloud migration initiatives.

Assess Infrastructure and Security Requirements

Your organization can predict its cloud environment needs once you are clear about the applications you want to move to the cloud. You might need to change specific applications to ensure that they suit your new architecture. Depending on your preference, you may adopt minor changes to an application’s core or completely rebuild the application. Alternatively, you might settle for software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications.

While at it, you may need to look at the security component of cloud applications. Government and industry regulations often take a prominent role when it comes to your cloud security posture. It is good practice to know where you have stored your data resources. This information helps you identify your security needs for different data sets.

Cloud experts suggest that organizations can exploit specific data securing approaches, including:

  • Data encryption
  • Monitoring and controlling access management
  • Web application firewalls
  • Setting up disaster recovery mechanisms

From your assessment, you can compare your requirements with your cloud service provider’s security offerings. If your organization runs in a specific sector like insurance or healthcare, you may need a niche provider who’ll support particular compliance requirements, like HIPAA. You may also want to identify potential vulnerabilities and make plans that address and mitigate those risks.

Evaluate Available In-house Resources

When considering available resources, you may want to answer a few questions, including:

  • How much money are you willing to set aside?
  • Is your IT team well-equipped for cloud migration?
  • Does your team have enough availability to focus on your migration initiatives?
  • Do you have any competing priorities at the moment?

Evaluate the skill-set of your in-house team with regard to cloud migration. It is essential to determine if your team has the required skills to guarantee a smooth cloud transition. Identify their weak points and educate them accordingly.

Empower your IT staff with relevant cloud migration skills to ensure that you apply best practices during this initiative. You can consider setting up a training program that educates your IT team. Alternatively, you can source for a strategic partner to help your team with the end-to-end execution of the migration process.

While assessing your resources, you may want to know if your IT team has any prior experience in cloud migration initiatives. Be sure also to evaluate whether you have the necessary migration tools and technologies.

Your in-house team understands your unique environment and specific needs. Empowering them adequately ensures that you implement a customized cloud environment. However, you could also opt to outsource your cloud migration services. A seasoned expert will fill the resource and knowledge gaps, albeit at an additional cost. 

Classify Data

Determine sensitive data points, looking at the risk and corruption damage. Rank your data based on the risk factor, identifying those prone to deletion, intellectual property, and competitive theft.

Determine Migration Requirements and Compliance

Work with your tech department to determine all your top business and technical goals for cloud-based applications. Ensure that you are clear about any compliance requirements while figuring out how you’ll minimize licensing costs.

A rigorous assessment will deliver insights needed to make more informed strategic decisions regarding cloud migration. Evaluating your existing applications is often considerably time-consuming. The time you’ll spend on your assessments will depend on:

  • Internal technical capabilities
  • Quantity and complexity of legacy applications
  • Available budgets

Assess your Operational Readiness

Although cloud operations deliver cutting-edge tools and technologies, you may face significant challenges once you implement these solutions. Therefore, it is essential to determine how you will manage the cloud’s operational aspects.

Brainstorm your preferred operational model for deployment. You can also discuss and agree with the various stakeholders regarding the different roles, responsibilities, and operating models. It may also be helpful to craft operational best practices as well as a robust plan that addresses business continuity or disaster recovery.

Proper assessments will put you in an excellent place to handle the post-migration cloud operations. This information also allows you to decide whether you’ll need to leverage a cloud-managed service provider to manage your cloud operation tasks for your organization.

Determine Your Timeline and Budget

Settling on an ideal timeline to complete the migration and determine the associated costs can be challenging for many organizations. Create reasonable timelines for specific milestones that you intend to hit during the cloud migration process. Timelines ensure that you track the progress you’ve made while outlining the reasons for any setbacks along the way. Be sure to consider your application migration methodology when setting your timelines.

Your budget, on the other hand, should align with your migration needs. Remember to include your ownership calculations, migration labor, migration training, and licensing costs. The total cost of ownership of the cloud typically determines your overall budget. To resolve this amount, you’ll need to factor in:

  • The average resource unit size
  • Monthly usage
  • Estimated workload growth rate
  • Security requirements
  • Infrastructure overhead and management requirements.

Without adequate planning, your cloud networks may surpass the costs you incur when running your on-premise infrastructure. You also run the risk of exceeding your estimated timelines.

Do you need to outsource your Cloud Migration Assessments?

Your application assessment for cloud migration goes beyond simply knowing your operating systems and server platforms. Working with an experienced service provider offers access to discovery and analysis services that will better inform your decision-making processes. Besides, you’ll receive data-driven insights necessary to re-platform your applications for the cloud.

An ideal provider will help you analyze your apps and technologies. You’ll also receive insightful data that highlights your privacy requirements, operational costs, and business value. Outsourcing these assessments also helps you appreciate the health of your portfolio.

You’ll also have an easier time identifying the workloads and platforms that require early transitions. Ensure that your service provider works with your in house team to create a plan that prioritizes workloads that have the highest impact on your operations. Ideal service providers will also generate reports from your cloud assessment data.

Ace your Cloud Migration Application Assessments

An application assessment for cloud migration is essential for achieving a smooth migration process. With a comprehensive evaluation, you’ll have an easier time setting up a cloud environment that matches your organization needs and requirements. Formulating a clear plan for your cloud migration assessment helps you minimize the time and money you’ll spend while migrating.

Different cloud providers deliver tools and services needed to help you assess your applications for cloud migrations. vFunction’s cloud readiness assessments help you gain a clear understanding of your current IT infrastructure. We’ll also help you identify potential pitfalls that you can expect during your cloud migration.

Count on us to help you meticulously plan the steps that you’ll need to guarantee the success of your migration initiative. We’ll deploy robust solutions that help you eliminate the time, risk, and cost constraints associated with modernizing business applications. Do you want to learn more? Request a free demo today!

Advantages of Microservices in Java

Accelerate Your Journey to a Cloud-Native Architecture with Java Microservices 

The cloud has fundamentally changed the way that organizations consume IT. With the ability to dynamically provision resources, businesses are able to scale their applications up or down as needed without costly upfront investments in hardware and software. The advantages of java microservices gives business leaders a competitive edge with an ever-changing market landscape.  

The shift to a cloud-native architecture is no small undertaking. One of the primary challenges that organizations face when making this shift is how they will convert their complex, monolithic Java apps into microservices in order to restore engineering velocity and optimize the benefits of the cloud. 

By separating your application into many smaller services, you can increase application scalability, repeatability, and continuous integration while also reducing costs. In this blog post, we’ll discuss what it means for an organization to be “cloud-native,” why moving towards a microservice architecture is a critical step in accelerating your journey there, and the advantages of microservices in Java. We’ll also show you how to get started with cloud-native architecture.

Advantages of Microservices in Java: Cloud Native

Before we can discuss the advantages of microservices in Java or why moving towards a microservices architecture is such an important step in accelerating your journey to “cloud-native,” it’s important to understand what exactly a “cloud-native” application is. 

At a high level, cloud-native applications are applications that fully take advantage of the benefits of the cloud. Typically, this means they must be able to scale up and down dynamically in response to user demand—or even just an anticipated change in user demand–without any impact on availability or data consistency. It also means that they leverage automation and built-in governance capabilities to help ensure consistency, quality, and control as changes are requested or made.

The more technical definition, taken from CNCF, is: “Cloud native technologies empower organizations to build and run scalable applications in modern, dynamic environments such as public, private, and hybrid clouds. Containers, service meshes, microservices, immutable infrastructure, and declarative APIs exemplify this approach.

These techniques enable loosely coupled systems that are resilient, manageable, and observable. Combined with robust automation, they allow engineers to make high-impact changes frequently and predictably with minimal toil.”

Advantages of Microservices in Java: Attributes

In addition to the ability to dynamically scale their compute resources, cloud-native applications also typically contain the following attributes: 

  • Resilient – cloud-native apps recover from failure quickly and never give up availability unless there is a real business need for an outage to occur. Cloud-native apps can tolerate partial failures as long as they don’t result in data loss.
  • Secure – cloud-native apps must be secure by default and leverage built-in security controls. 
  • Observable – cloud-native apps must expose the right metrics so that they can be seen and analyzed in real-time by IT operators and developers.
  • Efficient – cloud-native apps use resources efficiently to minimize costs while delivering high quality of service to users.

Moving Towards a Microservices Architecture

The good news for Java developers is that moving towards a microservices architecture to achieve these cloud-native attributes is not an all-or-nothing exercise. In fact, even if you are just starting your journey towards being “cloud-native,” having a microservices architecture will help you accelerate the process and avoid any unintended and costly detours. One of the biggest advantages of decomposing your monolithic application into microservices is that you’ll be able to take advantage of many of the benefits that the cloud has to offer including:

  • Scale – a microservices architecture enables a more granular approach for scaling out your applications and services so they can support varying loads at different times. As an example, your application might need to scale out to meet demand during the day, but because you can do it in a more granular fashion without impacting availability or data consistency, you may only need 10% of your total container instances running at night.
  • Availability – microservices are designed to create loosely coupled systems where every service is aware of only one thing: its own contract. This makes each microservice independently deployable and able to be updated or redeployed without impacting any other service in the system. In a monolithic application, if the app server is prone to failure due to poor design, processes crashing or lack of sufficient hardware, you’ll impact all services running on that specific VM.
  • Performance – leveraging microservices architecture enables you to more efficiently use resources, making it easy to rapidly scale each service as needed without requiring significant changes to your application. This not only helps with performance but also can help save costs by enabling better resource utilization–you only pay for the computing resources you actually need at any given time.
  • Portability – microservices are isolated, individual components that can easily be moved or replaced with minimal impact on the entire application. So if you need to move your application to another platform—or even just a different VM within App Engine—you don’t have to re-write your entire application as you do when moving from one monolithic application server to another. You can simply update or replace each service as needed and your entire app will continue to run as before since the services themselves don’t know anything about the outside world (which means they also run on any platform, including on-premise).

Towards a Multi-layered Architecture 

While microservice architectures are part of the solution enabled by modern solutions like vFunction, they are only one layer in your cloud-native app architecture. A healthy application architecture will also include other layers that extend all the way from storage to data management and networking. It’s important to understand that the cloud platform where your Java app runs is just one of several layers in your complete architecture.

The first layer of any healthy application architecture begins with data storage and management. As you begin decoupling services within your monolithic code base, leveraging built-in messaging queues to send requests among microservices becomes more powerful since it enables you to create loosely coupled components that can be updated independently. 

This is where storage and data management capabilities come into play. They provide a durable and scalable layer of persistence for your data that enables microservices to efficiently share data in real time without the need to communicate directly with each other. This level of data sharing provides an efficient means to synchronize state between services, which is crucial to, for example, providing user experience continuity even if one or more microservices are updated. 

At the same time this provides an excellent foundation upon which you can create individual data pools for each of your predictive models using storage solutions. These solutions not only ensure that the right data is stored in the right place at the right time, but help you manage costs by enabling you to easily delete old, infrequently used data. In turn, the ability to rapidly deploy new services with a self-managed cache keeps each service isolated from legacy code and keeps your system maintainable by allowing for easy integration of new components without impacting existing ones.

The next level goes beyond data management and storage to consider how microservices interact with each other. This is where tools that enable efficient microservice architecture design like vFunction can come in. For example, if you want to create a mobile microservice that takes advantage of a built-in web search service, you’ll need to configure the web service so it can access the mobile service – and if your mobile service is updated or replaced at some point, you’ll need to ensure that the web service can continue to access it.

The final layer in the cloud-native application architecture, the application proxy, acts as an API gateway for microservices. This layer provides a uniform interface that all microservices can use to access each other—potentially through several layers of network intermediaries—and also allows you to control and manage access and permissions within and between your services.

Leveraging Power

The advantages of microservices in Java? The unique combination of a scalable microservices framework, built-in messaging queues, an enterprise-grade NoSQL database, built-in search engine with machine learning capabilities, powerful analytics engines (including support for open source projects Lucene/Solr), real-time anomaly detection, and many more services is what makes modern platforms so powerful. 

While these capabilities are powerful on their own, they become even more useful when you can use them in a cloud-native architecture. They provide the capabilities and services you need to manage and exchange data between multiple microservices across different platforms.

Additionally, the advantages extend to enabling you to deploy microservices without having to manage the underlying infrastructure or directly modify any code. As you’ll see, this capability alone creates a highly efficient iterative development process that enables your teams to quickly and easily deliver new services.

These services can be managed and deployed quickly so you can rapidly experiment with business processes by deploying new services as they’re developed.

Key Features to Look for

To realize the advantages of microservices in Java, you need modern tools that can help you with that transformation. Your team can use purpose-built software that provides an instant assessment of the complexity and risk in all legacy Java applications to determine what needs updating. You’ll prioritize which ones are most important for modernizing first so that nothing gets left behind or lost during this process. And with an automated tool, you won’t have to spend hours poring through complicated spreadsheets trying to figure out how much work there really is. 

Dynamic and static analysis will provide the optimal design for businesses’ microservices. It’s important to choose a platform that can automatically identify these architectures using graph theory, clustering algorithms as well as have an intuitive interface to allow architects to iteratively refine their work. This can happen all while minimizing dependencies and maximizing exclusivity with each step, extracting new services into a bundled package ready to deploy on any environment that needs them. 

A dashboard view is critical to provide visibility and metrics for all your application modernization projects. The status, priorities, control flow tasks can be tracked with ease using this tool that will help you manage initiatives across the organization. 

The automated code analysis tools can detect and eliminate dead code, improve the maintainability of legacy apps by pruning unneeded libraries to create optimal microservices with minimal context. The process will also help reduce security risks by eliminating redundant and insecure imports from your dependencies.

In addition to these capabilities, the platform should provide a declarative framework for developing microservices that can simplify the development process by allowing you to define new services as configuration files rather than having to write any code. These services can be automatically deployed on-demand within your environment, providing a fully cloud-native architecture so you can test and run applications in the cloud for maximum speed, scalability, and responsiveness.

Finally, if you’re looking to modernize your legacy application infrastructure with cloud-native microservices that provide much higher performance than traditional architectures, built-in support for distributed caching is available. This functionality is designed to speed up response time and provide a more responsive user experience. 

Comprehensive support for modernizing legacy Java applications based on open-source frameworks and libraries is key. The platform needs to provide different tools that will help you manage the entire process of making your legacy applications cloud-native. 

Reporting & Prioritization

You can use the platform to automatically analyze your legacy application and determine which portions of it would benefit most from modernization. This is typically done using a combination of static and dynamic analysis tools that provide an intuitive interface for graphically modeling complex data flow within applications. These diagrams will allow you to quickly and easily visualize your entire application architecture and launch a high-level assessment.

After generating this report, a modern tool should provide an intuitive web interface that allows you to prioritize which aspects of the legacy application should be modernized first. This functionality will help avoid the risk of having left anything behind and ensures you have a plan for proceeding with your modernization process from the beginning. 

The next step is to add new services or modernize existing ones one by one. Using this process, it’s possible to automatically detect and eliminate dead code within your application. This creates a highly efficient process that speeds up delivery of each microservice while minimizing risk.

Once you have created your package of services, use the provided deployment tools to ensure your code is ready for production. This includes automated testing, deployment-on-demand functionality, and live debug tools that help keep your services running at peak performance. 

For more details about how vFunction makes legacy Java applications cloud-native, please request a demo. We’ll be happy to schedule a time for you to see the platform in action and show you the advantages of microservices in Java firsthand. See how easy it is to modernize your legacy application infrastructure with cloud-native microservices.

Flip the Script on Lift-and-Shift Modernization, with Refactoring

Mexico City, 1968 Olympics. At a time when all the world’s high jumpers were doing a straddle technique, one Dick Fosbury executed a seemingly impossible move, winning gold by keeping his center of gravity lower and rolling over the bar backwards.

His unique approach flipped the script on the sport, and the high jump has been dominated by the “Fosbury Flop” ever since.

We’re experiencing a similar situation in many of today’s enterprises. All well-established companies are staring up at an ever-higher bar of pre-existing application and integration code. Now, they are inevitably starting to seek a way to modernize this inflexible code and regain some level of agility to respond to market challenges.

It’s time for companies to flip the script on modernization without creating prohibitive effort or accruing additional technical debt.

Why not just lift-and-shift to cloud?

A conventional wisdom has developed over the last decade–supported by analysts and cloud experts–that moving applications to cloud computing infrastructure is not only desirable, but absolutely necessary to any modernization effort.

The fastest growing unicorn companies like Netflix and Uber were born in the cloud, so why not emulate their path to success?

For an established company, the jump to cloud usually means replatforming applications–lifting VMs and databases from on-premises or conventionally hosted servers onto a pay-as-you-go model with a cloud IaaS provider.

Yes, the old lift-and-shift is alive and well in the cloud. After all, if you can’t build net-new application functionality from scratch, at least putting everything on cloud infrastructure might enable forward progress in flexibility, right?

Lifting virtual servers and J2EE binaries and extracting data onto cloud services does provide some nice capabilities such as reserving excess capacity or maintaining parallel instances of whole environments for failover or recovery purposes. But the heavyweight nature of monolith applications in the cloud also means you can rack up surprisingly high compute and storage costs, while still making new functionality hard to add.

The applications were never optimized for cloud in the first place, much less being ready for truly modern cloud-native agility for change and efficient scaling.

Secret advantages for a refactoring leap

There’s one big reason why lift-and-shift is still going on, even if it is simply kicking the can down the road for a later reckoning.

Refactoring sounds really hard. Picking apart legacy application code to rewrite functions is the legendary stuff of all-nighter incident responses to show-stopper bugs. It’s not the kind of work most teams would willingly sign up for.

Maybe it is time to change this mindset and rethink the possibilities for refactoring toward a modern architecture well-suited for a cloud native future.

Fortunately, today’s enterprise can take advantage of a secret weapon. The state of the art in data science, automation and AI has advanced over the last decade–and now it’s ready to apply to code itself.

Even legacy code is still a set of instructions for an application on an intended target system. Therefore, by embedding domain-driven expertise and the core concepts of cloud architectural practices within refactoring itself, companies can ‘shift architecture left’ and rethink the monolith as a modern platform target for an existing application.

Who’s coaching this effort?

Enterprise architects–or possibly CTOs and CDOs for digital product-oriented companies—are the primary coaches for setting a game plan for shift-left refactoring.

These leaders need a broad understanding of the entire application estate of the business as it exists today. What functions of the monolith are essential to ongoing operations? Which ones are creating roadblocks to improvement and change?

Architects set the vision for moving toward an API-driven, microservices-oriented stack, and then identify and coach the development leadership necessary to compartmentalize those old J2EE or Spring monoliths, one container at a time.

Once architectural priorities are set, development teams must also buy in as primary stakeholders for success. After all, most engineers would much rather not rebuild old functionality from scratch, nor manage a monolith in the cloud, if they knew refactoring offered a less resource-intensive and faster path to agility.  

Development leaders are responsible for applying refactoring automation, much like an additional team member with specialized skills. Developers and integration experts can then focus on assuring the newly converted microservices are executing on functional and performance goals in the modernized target environment.

An international European banking group, Intesa Sanpaolo, accomplished exactly this kind of transformation over the course of 3 years, applying the vFunction Platform to automate both dynamic and static analysis of Java applications, interpreting application flows across Spring/EJB and WebLogic business logic to detect and extract key business domains. The team generated containerized microservices on JBoss and OpenShift for its own enterprise PaaS platform, ready for Kubernetes-driven cloud deployment.

The bank reported a 3X increase in feature delivery rate, with a labor reduction from months of manual refactoring effort to 1-2 days in some instances. But more importantly, the modernized codebase also improved the application’s performance and reliability on the production platform, while making it ready for faster future customer enhancements.

The Intellyx Take

Dick Fosbury turned his back on the conventional technique, and since then, every winner now does the high jump backwards.

Enterprise architects and development leaders might take a pointer from the Fosbury Flop–challenging the accepted norm of modernizing the target infrastructure before the application code.

Rather than lift-and-shift, try taking advantage of new intelligent tools for refactoring code first, not just to save time and money, but to gain a sustainable advantage in a competitive arena, where agility and resiliency in front of customers wins every time.

©2021 Intellyx LLC. Intellyx retains editorial control over the content of this document. At the time of writing, vFunction is an Intellyx customer.

Is Application Modernization your Digital Transformation Ball and Chain?

If enterprises have learned one thing from the Covid era, it’s that digital transformation is more than a handful of projects. Instead, it represents a strategic shift, breaking down organizational and technological silos to better align with the needs of customers and employees.

Enterprises have also learned that digital transformation is never complete. Rather than moving to some stable final state, being a digital organization means dealing with change as an ongoing reality – and leveraging it for competitive advantage.

It’s not good enough to introduce new technology in hopes that all the bells and whistles of modern tech will transform the organization. Even in IT, we must break down the silos – only now, we’re talking in particular about silos of legacy applications.

Application modernization, in fact, is an essential enabler of digital transformation.

Gone are the days where we can simply leave older applications alone, somehow working them into our modern way of working. Today, organizations must not only modernize – they must become adept at modernization.

Remember, change is constant, and so are the modernization needs of the digital enterprise. Application modernization, therefore, must become a core competency for any organization hoping to digitally transform.

Debunking the Digital Transformation vs. Modernization Dichotomy

If you venture into the forums and job boards for today’s modern development teams, you’ll see that the majority of the professionals in these lines of work are pursuing the latest and greatest technologies.

Cloud-native technologies like Kubernetes, microservices, and service meshes are all the rage. Programming languages like Python, Rust, and Go are the way to go. And indeed, there is a surfeit of demand for such skills, suggesting that these technologies will continue to attract eager technologists for years to come.

Such is not the world, however, of the application modernization effort. Maintaining, evolving, and migrating legacy applications requires a wide range of skillsets specific to those applications, from COBOL to J2EE to various obscure flavors of Unix, to name a few.

Some analysts believe that these two groups of professionals should march by the beat of their respective drummers – legacy folks focusing on slow-moving older technologies while the cutting-edge team moves ever faster, delivering digital solutions to customers.

Relegating these two teams to separate organizational silos, however, goes against the core principles of digital transformation – and in practice, end up slowing the organization down overall. Organizations must put a strategy in place that will resolve these organizational constraints, and application modernization is in the crosshairs.

Closing the Modernization Skills Gap

To be sure, these efforts require largely distinct skill sets, leading to different approaches to hiring and contracting with third-party providers.

Finding people who fall into the fast-moving, digital bucket is relatively straightforward. However, there is no such thing as someone with more than a handful of years of experience with any modern technology, simply because the gear hasn’t been around for that long.

Furthermore, the fast-moving group is less likely to be comfortable with the culture and bureaucracy that come with working in a large organization. There’s always the risk they’ll jump ship for the next hot startup that comes along.

The legacy team, in contrast, is quite different. Experienced developers largely populate these teams – highly skilled at maintaining their company’s business critical apps and also comfortable with working in complex organizations.

Veterans, however, have the annoying habit of retiring, leading to the need for a new generation of professionals who are comfortable working on mainframes or legacy technologies of various sorts.

The real challenge for enterprise IT leaders is finding people with one foot in each camp – someone who is comfortable enough with existing legacy to have a hand in application modernization efforts while also possessing modern technology skills like Kubernetes and microservices.

If you’re thinking that such individuals are rarer than hen’s teeth, you’d be right. Fortunately, there are approaches to addressing this skills shortage problem.

Two Techniques for Escaping the Skills Crunch

The first technique for resolving this modernization vs. modern technology dichotomy is to look to your architects.

Depending on the particular types of architects in question, most people in this role have some kind of hands-on technical background. As their careers have progressed, however, they’ve spent more of their time on higher-level design and planning skills.

In addition, the best architects are voracious learners, always looking to expand their expertise to better understand the role of the architect in their organization. Once they realize that application modernization is essential to digital transformation, many of them will typically step up and do their part.

Cross-cutting architectural expertise, however, is not the whole answer. There is also a need for tooling appropriate to this transformational effort, especially for application modernization initiatives.

The big win, therefore, is when application modernization tools and architectural expertise come together in tools like the vFunction Platform. vFunction enables developers as well as architects to organize and then accelerate the modernization process, refining service boundaries in order to resolve dependencies and redundant code, with the resulting microservices conforming to modern architectural design best practices.

The Intellyx Take

Working together with the proper tools can empower developers and architects (and other technologists) to move the application ball forward so that it doesn’t impede the digital transformation initiative.

Such modernization does more than simply ‘fix’ legacy applications. Because tools like vFunction help the team rearchitect existing applications along modern, cloud-native lines, the resulting applications are more modular and flexible than was possible before.

The digital transformation effort, in turn, relies upon this flexibility to support the ongoing, changing needs of the business and its customers.

The right tools can certainly help achieve this goal, but the fundamental enabler of such transformation is the collaboration among people from different parts of the organization.

Copyright © Intellyx LLC. vFunction is an Intellyx customer. Intellyx reserves final editorial control of this article.

3 Reasons Your Digital Transformation Stalled

Please Note: This blog by Amir Rapson, vFunction CTO and co-founder, was originally published on DevOps.com.

The more a company modernizes, the more value it gets from the cloud, but not all digital transformation efforts are created—and executed—equally. According to Gartner, “87% of senior business leaders say digitalization is a company priority, yet only 40% of organizations have brought digital initiatives to scale … [and] without a shared vision across the organization, digital transformation efforts will continue to stall.”

CIOs and other senior technology leaders are constantly looking for the best way to lead and scale modernization efforts that positively impact the business and generate the most value from the cloud. Here are three factors to consider to make sure digital transformation efforts don’t start to slow or stall out entirely.

The Price of Ignoring Technical Debt

Any CIO should be able to say how much of their development efforts are invested in innovation and how much is going into maintenance. A harder number to take into account is how much their innovation development effort is slowed down by technical debt.

A good way to gauge this for CIOs—if you can say that your development organization dedicates more than 50% of its effort to innovation and that your development velocity is exactly where it was a couple of years back, then technical debt is not dragging you down. However, chances are that’s not the case.

Why is that? A major reason is that the vast majority of business applications and business logic still reside on-premises in legacy applications and infrastructure with a once-solid software architecture that is now showing signs of wear.

The technical debt these applications accumulated takes a toll. It is a ‘tax’ that many CIOs know they need to pay; know what is required, but choose to ignore until it’s too late.

Many organizations delay modernization because they believe that it reduces the capacity for effort that can be spent on innovation, assuming that legacy maintenance can just carry on as usual. With the potential for a lengthy and risky modernization project, delaying innovation for that length of time is not even an option. The only way to stop ignoring technical debt is to find a way to reduce the risk of modernization and accelerate the modernization project so you can go back to doing what you love about tech: innovating.

Managing App Modernization as a Tactical Project

It’s amazing that application modernization is so often viewed as a tactical project—time- and materials-based, cost-focused—versus a strategic imperative driven by business goals. This approach also explains why many projects fail to meet expectations, are half-finished or abandoned or never even get started in the first place.

The business logic and processes embedded in your legacy application estate are your core intellectual property and competitive advantage, and they need to be treated as such. These applications, and the business processes they encapsulate, require a strategy that continually modernizes them, starting now and continuing into the future. A one-and-done approach is a recipe for disaster and disappointment.

So be strategic, make sure your modernization plan is aimed at reducing technical debt, restoring velocity and focusing on innovation. Once you get there, make sure you continuously manage your technical debt and keep your velocity high.

Reliance on Lift and Shift for Cloud Migrations

Cloud migration projects are most often critical parts of digital transformation initiatives, and yet, many outside advisors or quick-win focused insiders will push for the “easiest” approach.

A rational plan to transform and modernize your applications for the cloud requires a critical assessment of your application estate to determine which applications should be refactored, lifted and shifted (rehosted or platformed), rewritten or just retired. Skipping this critical step and categorizing the majority of your apps into the “lift and shift” category is a common mistake that too many enterprises later regret. A lift and shift strategy may be fine for a subset of your applications, but for the most important ones it will result in a transfer of your technical debt to the cloud, increase your maintenance costs and take another bite out of your organization’s ability to innovate.

Digital transformations are getting bogged down by technical debt, tactical decisions and modernization shortcuts. Organizations need to directly address these issues and reduce the significant drag they are incurring on modern transformation initiatives. By attacking them head-on, enterprises can accelerate their cloud migrations, application modernizations and business agility goals.

Transform your WebLogic Java Apps to Microservices (Webinar)

medrec

The joint vFunction and Oracle webinar is now available on-demand. It’s a must-see for anyone interested in learning how to quickly refactor Java monoliths into microservices. In the presentation you’ll find a live demo walk-through where Amir Rapson, vFunction CTO and co-founder, in real-time decomposes the Medrec application, a well-known Java EE WebLogic monolithic application, into a set of microservices, compiles and builds new separate projects for each, then deploys those new microservices on OKE (Oracle Container Engine for Kubernetes) on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI).

The process is also summarized in the supporting Medrec Tutorial solution page which provides a step-by-step review of on how to transform the Medrec JEE application into microservices and deploy to a cloud native platform.

We also shared additional resources and helpful links at the close of the webinar and they include:

The following video highlights how vFunction helps accelerate the migration of Java applications to a cloud native architecture on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure: